September-November
2008

BACKTRAILS
June 2008
Plot or Not Debate
Jack Giles
Whitney Revolver
March 2008
Walt Masterson
Plotters and Pantsers
More Horse Talk
December 2007
Peace at Any Price
Dan Claymaker
Horse Sense
September 2007
Artist Michael Thomas
Judging by Covers
The Schofield Revolver
June 2007
David Whitehead
Realistic Ballistics
Plot Twists
March 2007
Crime/western fiction
The Walker Colt
Sydney J. Bounds
December 2006
Lauran Paine
Jake Douglas & Co.
September 2006
Misfit Lil
Greg Mitchell
June 2006
Marshall Grover
Facts for Fiction
March 2006
Jeff Sadler
Mike Stotter
Writers and Money

OTHER WAGONS
Robert Hale Limited
Black Horse Express
Adam Wright
Ben Bridges
Mike Linaker
Piccadilly Cowboys
Gillian F. Taylor
B. J. Holmes
C. S. Harris
Walt Masterson
Mystery File
Western Fi Review
Western Sensibility
The Tainted Archive
World of Books
BH Western extract

I responded with a short comment of my own:

"Patten is one of my favourites, too, and copies of his books are not as hard to find as some of the other western writers of the '50s and '60s.

"Many were reissued as Leisure doubles in the '90s. Others appeared in Britain and the Commonwealth countries as Black Horse Westerns, the last, I think, in 1996. (It was an honour to see my own early hardcover westerns alongside them in the same format.)

"I agree with your assessment of Patten's work, James. Lynchings, sex crimes and guilty towns feature frequently, and there is a definite noir-ish quality to all this, which some of us still try to inject into BHWs today. As for 'somewhat happy endings', maybe they are there, and the sex scenes toned down, then and now, at the behest of the publishers?"

My own answer to the question mark is, "Yes,  partially at least." But before we go to that, and because here we have the space for it, let's pick up a few more excellent Patten titles, as James suggests. Patten's previous British publishers for westerns included Ward Lock and Collins, who put out the Wild West Club hardcovers and White Circle and Fontana paperbacks. After Collins abandoned the genre, Patten's UK outlet became Robert Hale Ltd and ultimately their Black Horse Western line.

In Lynching at Broken Butte (Doubleday 1974; Hale 1978), the plot centres on events put in train five months previously by a liquor-fired mob's hanging of two men falsely accused of the rape and murder of fifteen-year-old Eloise Carberry, a girl "so sweet and demure in her photograph" but who "had been nothing but a slut with no more morals than an alley cat". The sheriff of the small Arizona town, Jasper Horsley, had "an uneasy premonition that examination of the place where Eloise Carberry had been killed would prove they [the lynched] had been innocent. If that happened, the guilt of the townsmen who had participated would become intolerable. And they would lay the blame on him."

It falls to hero August Cragg, a pipe-smoking US marshal, to sort out the mess . . . but not before other innocent lives are put at stake. "Which left only one course of action open to him. He must become a scourge, a silent, unseen killer, taking vengeance against one after another of the lynchers until he had killed enough of them to throw terror into the hearts of those that remained."

Yes . . . rightly or wrongly, a deal of  unexpected "cleaning up" had to go into Misfit Lil Cleans Up before it was seen fit for publication.

And the exercise had to be repeated for Blast to Oblivion. At the synopsis stage, John Hale wrote, "This gives every impression of being a strongly plotted novel and I cannot see why it should not work perfectly well  . . . certainly all the right ingredients are here." But his first reaction to the completed MS was, "Sadly I just do not think this would prove a suitable addition to our Black Horse Western list. . . . I think the story would need a lot of rewriting and omission of detail in order to prove suitable for us."

I responded, in part, "My assessment is that about 70 pages will need to be resubmitted. . . . Plot and storyline will remain the same, though some scenes will be altered or cut right back (e.g. those with the girl in Holladay Street; the bedroom scene Joshua stumbles upon in Silverville). . . . Reworking of the last chapter can include expansion of the gunfight at the mine to help make up for lost pages.

"Possibly some of your worries have to do with the book's depiction of Denver in the late nineteenth century (e.g. pages 21-22, which I will trim/euphemise). If so, may I point out that the city itself does not reject its bawdy past? Indeed, it is actively promoted as a tourist attraction. This for the very good reason that the topic better holds the interest of today's adults than cosy stories of the 'Roy Rogers' variety. The old hang-ups are largely gone, thank goodness. Please go to this link:
denverhistorytours.com/tours.htm

"Whether I want to rewrite -- or for that matter believe the rewriting will leave as strong a book -- is largely immaterial. Blast to Oblivion does need a publisher and is already the product of at least 150 hours' work."

After the book was revised and accepted, the outline for another Misfit Lil story was submitted. Mr Hale's comments on it ended, "You are, of course, well aware of my caveats regarding what we do and do not find acceptable in westerns so I hope that when you write the novel you will bear all this in mind."

Whether BHWs with a noir streak can be produced within this framework -- or, more correctly, survive through compromises to publication stage, then satisfy readers --  I don't know.  It would be disencumbering to know for sure they can. Elsewhere, neo-Victorian novels are being well received. Sarah Waters (Tipping the Velvet, Fingersmith) and other writers are allowed to expose in detail the seedy underbelly of Victorian society with feisty females as lead characters. Is this -- the emphasis on moral ambiguity and sexual motivation -- banned in westerns?
 
One encouragement is that Wikipedia noted the classic noir period was in the 1940s and '50s, when censorship in most quarters was more repressive than now. Yet the writers and other creators managed. They reacted, as James put it, to "the climate of the times" -- in Lewis B. Patten's case providing happy endings of the kind for which there is still a preference, however much noir we might hanker to deliver in the run-up.

Comedian Rich Hall, in the British Guardian newspaper, recalled how western movies have helped shape US presidential attitudes. Only three modern presidents haven't referred to westerns as their favourite movies: Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford. But the total could become four if Barack Obama (Casablanca) defeats John McCain (Viva Zapata!) in November. George W. Bush, Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon all pick the 1952 classic High Noon as their movie choice. Hall said, "One wonders what George Walker sees in the story of Gary Cooper's retiring sheriff who bravely takes on a gang of armed killers by himself, damn the consequences?" Other presidential picks were Stagecoach (Lyndon B. Johnson), Bad Day at Black Rock (John F. Kennedy), and My Darling Clementine (Harry S. Truman). "Why?" Hall asked. And answered, "Because America is a nation that believes almost religiously in individualism and self-reliance, the two values that inform every western."
 

 

Queensland BHW writer Keith Hetherington (aka Jake Douglas, Clayton Nash, Hank J. Kirby and Tyler Hatch) can rely on his son, Rick, for help with the home maintenance chores. "Rick always enjoys such work," Keith tells us, "and I like to get him involved, using the power tools and so on. He's pretty good with a saw and drill. He has also just painted a fiery dragon in his art class. He was enthusing over it for weeks. 'Wait till you see it, Dad -- red and yellow fire, great flapping wings. . .' My wife Rita and I got to wondering what the hell was taking so long -- three or four weeks -- and when asked how big, Rick always spread his arms: 'This big! It'll look great on the lounge room wall near the TV where I can sit and look at it.' Mate, everyone can look at it! He wasn't exaggerating the size -- over a metre long and about a metre high. Big-screen artwork . . . Rita had to remove one of her wall hangings to make room." Keith also reports that, under the baleful glare of the said beast, he has begun work on another new western. Title?  Dragonfire Trail. . . .

The IMDb website has picked up an external review of Prairie Fever, the TV/DVD western mentioned in Hoofprints last time. Linda Winsh-Bolard, of Wiggly Socks Movie Reviews, said, "As far as I know, this is the only western showing the widespread abuse of women during the 19th century. Women were sold like cattle, raped, worked to death and had no recourse. Women had no rights, often could not even inherit (it was the son who would inherit) and simply became a possession of their male relatives to do with as they pleased." Chap O'Keefe responded, "Your comments about women in westerns may very well apply to old movies, and probably also applied to the novels of an earlier era, which tried to suggest that the men of the West were perfect gentlemen, full of respect for womenfolk, even the whores. As far as fiction written in more modern times is concerned, I like to think the conclusion is wrong. In my own books, I have always made an effort to inject some researched reality since 1993." O'Keefe tells us, "My next BHW, Misfit Lil Cleans Up (October), contains the strongest of illustrations of the situation described by Ms Winsh-Bolard."
 

American novelist Ben Haas (1926-1977) is probably best remembered by western readers as John Benteen, creator of the tough, pulps-influenced Fargo, Sundance and John Cutler series. Late in his career, Haas also wrote the five-book Rancho Bravo series as Thorne Douglas. Now England's David Whitehead and one of Germany's leading western writers, Alfred Wallon, pay homage to Haas by bylining a collaboration for the BHW line with the name Doug Thorne. All Guns Blazing will be published by Hale in late November. A further collaboration, Alaska Hell, will appear in 2009. Haas, like too many writers of popular fiction, died relatively young, but as more than one keen fan has observed, if a book has John Benteen's name on it, chances are that Ben Haas wrote it and it will be a good read. Meanwhile, "Doug Thorne" co-author Dave includes the Thorne Douglas book The Mustang Men in his list of all-time top fifty westerns.

Most men over the age of 90 have long since retired, but not actor Ernest Borgnine, reported Artist Direct. The Academy Award winner -- a nine-time Oscar nominee -- has continued to act semi-regularly on the big screen, in TV movies, and guesting on sitcoms. He has has now accepted a role in the supernatural western Death Keeps Coming, which was written and will be directed by Derek Milton. Eighties "scream queen" Dee Wallace and Muse Watson also star. Borgnine (91) is said to have jumped at the chance to feature in another western. This one tells of a mysterious, lone gunfighter who rides out of the desert to save Sara, an innocent victim of a terrifying gypsy curse. Borgnine appeared in such cinematic classics as The Wild Bunch, and on episodes of  TV western series like Wagon Train and Zane Grey Theatre. Other, countless film credits include Bad Day at Black Rock, Vera Cruz, Johnny Guitar and Hannie Caulder.

 

A series of messages about Sudden author Oliver Strange at the ever-lively Piccadilly Cowboys forum developed into a discussion of ancestry. Ray Foster, aka BHWs' Jack Giles, said, "My take on forebears is that whoever or whatever they were it would make no difference who we turned out to be. I come from stock who were shipwrights, carpenters and men who worked with their hands. Me, I just couldn't saw a piece of wood in a straight line to save my life. (I'd have to use it as a weapon instead.) I'd have to go back to the 1700s to find just one, X-times great-grandfather who shared the same profession [in a law office] as me -- and then he's a step great-grandfather. But my grandfather changed jobs and was a printer -- and was always bringing home westerns."

On the same topic, Keith Chapman, aka Chap O'Keefe, told Piccadilly Cowboys, "Last year, an English cousin contacted me with some background she'd hunted down on our family. I learned that the Chapmans had participated in the Norwich silk industry in the nineteenth century. Later, a Washington Chapman, our great-grandfather, was living in Shoreditch, London. The 1891 census listed him as Secretary of the Shoemakers' Society." Keith's cousin said, "I pursued this. The Shoemakers' Society was an early version of a trades union, and as secretary Washington was in charge of it. It wasn't huge but it was important in the London shoe trade. I had been told by my father, Bill, that this was the case, and that Washington used to go to bigger shoe-trades meetings in Northampton, and that he was so good in this position that the local MP in Shoreditch had invited him to stand as an MP in another part of East London, but that Washington had declined. Dad and I had many a discussion about what this would have meant for his family -- and for all of us -- had he chosen to do such a thing." O'Keefe says, "Maybe the world would have been spared Misfit Lil!"

David Whitehead, aka Ben Bridges, alerts all fans of "stories told in pictures" that Prion Books is issuing High Noon, a collection of  reprints from Fleetway's long-gone Wild West Picture Library,  in  October. Prion's blurb says: "Whooping Injuns, wandering cowpokes, grizzled prospectors, mysterious hombres in sombreros and masked outlaws -- this is the untamed West of our childhoods, where the heroes are rugged and honest, the villains are yellow-bellied cowards and only the toughest survive. From the Great Plains to dusty Texan trails and lawless prospecting towns, every thrilling story in this book is jam-packed with gunfights, jaw-busting saloon punch-ups, racing stagecoaches and tomahawk-throwing varmints."

Commenting on the shooting of Navtej Singh during the armed robbery of a liquor store in New Zealand, Sunday Star Times columnist Rosemary McLeod said, "The other night I watched again one of my favourite westerns, High Noon. In a way, that Auckland shooting of a Sikh shop owner was a western in miniature. Sikhs, and the Indian community in general, are a hard-working, law-abiding, devout people making their way in a new land. They have hopes and dreams, like the townsfolk in westerns, and live family-centred lives. Ranked against them are their polar opposites, people without respect or meaningful ties, whose sense of family is destructive, who are often drug-addled, impulsive and cruel. We don't say this, though. We like to focus on their personal problems, in order to 'understand' them, not on the misery they cause. This is where we differ from westerns, and not only in lacking a hero to sort bad people out. You may find, in westerns, reasons why the Evil Men have become what they are, but those reasons are never magnified into excuses. And in the end they pay for what they've done by natural justice, in gunfights they initiate, making the hero justified in killing them. Westerns, I realize, are out of fashion . . . . But bear with me. I sometimes hanker after a world in which we'd all be clearer on right and wrong, in which criminals would be understood for what they are, not what we wish they were, and in which punishment would fit the crime more snugly than it does."

Welsh author Ron Watkins' next BHW (November) will be Return of the Bounty Hunter. He hopes its launch will be smoother than that for one of his previous books, A Bullet for the Preacher. An exhibition of his book jackets at the Treorchy library was cancelled because asbestos was found in the roof and the building promptly closed. Even for Ron, that was a somewhat unusual library experience. Ron says, "I’ve spent nearly all my life in the Rhondda, and most of my working life in the library department of the Rhondda Borough Council and Mid-Glamorgan County Council. I took early retirement in 1983 when I was deputy county librarian." Ron learned Welsh and has run classes in Treherbert library, where he taught the language using computers and children’s stories he'd written in Welsh.  "My favourite occupation is spending time with my six grand-daughters. My favourite interest is collecting children’s books – particularly Richmal Crompton's William stories."

Nik Morton, aka new BHW writer Ross Morton, writes, "Your blackhorsewesterns.com website is as informative as ever. I thought you might be interested to know that while my second BHW, Last Chance Saloon, was out at the end of May (and you mentioned it at the website), my second book was recently published, and this is a crime thriller. So far, everyone who has read it has given favourable comments, even Marina Oliver, author of over 50 books and Writing a Novel (How To Books). Iwan Morelius, a Swedish gent who lives out here in Spain, has been corresponding and meeting famous authors for over 40 years and he reviewed the thriller in his Swedish magazine, The Swingbed; needless to say, he had to give me an English translation!  In the same magazine he also favourably reviewed the short-story collection Where Legends Ride, which I co-edited with Matthew P. Mayo, and which you also mentioned in Hoofprints." Nik's thriller is titled Pain Wears No Mask and is published in paperback by Libros International, an independent firm based in Spain. The tagline reads, "When she was a cop, she made their life hell. Now she’s a nun, God help them!"

Whither the western novel? Since 1985, books' share of entertainment spending has fallen 7 percentage points, said the National Endowment for the Arts, a US federal agency. Meanwhile, costs of paper and cardboard, printing and shipping are rising. Print on Demand (POD) is seen as cheaper than standard methods for print-runs of less 1,200, and the Harlequin group, world's biggest publisher of romance fiction, now sells short ebooks for reading on PCs or other devices in a lunch hour. Amazon boss Jeff Bezos said Kindle ebooks accounted for 6 per cent of sales of the 125,000 titles available at his online store in both print and electronic formats. The Economist newspaper said, "Publishing has only two indispensable participants: authors and readers. As with music, any technology that brings these two groups closer makes the whole industry more efficient -- but hurts those who benefit from the distance between them." Other observers noted that ebook readers, though an improvement on a computer screen, remained crude simulacra of books. A poll found that 82 per cent of Americans strongly favoured paper over pixels.

The western continues to draw larger than expected audiences. The response from buyers/collectors for Film Score Monthly's CD release of  The Naked Spur: Music from the MGM Westerns was such that it was declared out-of-print a whole nine days before its official release in late July. It was the second in FSM’s series of  budget collections -- between a regular release and a box set. Like the first (The Unforgiven: Classic Western Scores From United Artists), it featured western movie soundtracks. The MGM library is today owned by Warner Bros, and the music on the new release was from five movie classics from the period 1950-1956. Scott Bettencourt and Alexander Kaplan wrote detailed essays and commentaries for the scores on the album, and these were made available free, online at the FSM website.

Jason writes, "Hi , I came across your site and was wondering if you have a section for secondhand books? I've a collection of approximately 100 hardback books in mint condition that I would like to sell. Do you have such a section on your site, or could you suggest a place to sell them on? I'm in the UK." Sorry, Jason, we don't have or plan a section for sales. Most authors who support the Extra tell us their available BHW time is taken up with writing and promoting new books, though one or two others do sell remainders -- sometimes with autographs -- at personal websites. An auction site, like eBay, might be the place to go. One problem you will run into selling any secondhand hardcover books, even those in demand, is the high cost of posting parcels, which will reduce the appeal of the bargains. Meanwhile, keen BHW readers tend to have preferred authors whose latest books can be bought in complete security at the publishers' official site, www.halebooks.com . Their policy is "Free UK shipping on all titles; 30% discount on all new and coming-soon titles." That's hard to beat!

Candice Proctor offers a guide to. . .

Outlaws are plaguing the Santa Rosa area and Marshal Tim Cleary is sent there to investigate the theft of military rifles. He joins forces with Sheriff Lou Braga in an attempt to curb the activities of the gang.
    Diaz, a delusional Mexican goat herder has seen the bandit leader and believes him to be the Devil.
    Now the two lawmen must try to decipher Diaz's terrified ravings and weave their way through false trails and desperate situations before they finally track down the Devil.

WHEELED transport took many forms in the Old West, from light buggies to the giant wagons that were the semi-trailers of their day. Just as trucks have different engines, the westerners' vehicles had varying types of power to move them.  Draught could be provided by a single animal or a team as big as the 20-mule teams that hauled freight wagons joined in tandem.

Writers sometimes get a bit confused when they have to write about teams, wagons and harness so I thought it might be helpful if we had a look at some of these issues.

The teams

Ox teams were a slow but fairly reliable form of transport. They travelled at the rate of about two miles per hour and the usual day's travel was about 15 miles. The cloven hooves gave a good grip on slippery ground and because of their low line of draught and strong, steady pull, many teamsters favoured cattle. By comparison horses pulled with a series of violent jerks.

Harness was minimal with the animals arranged in pairs with wooden yokes. Metal bows went around the necks and through the yokes.  The ox-bow, used to describe bends in rivers or stirrups, takes its name from these.  Metal keys held the bows in the yokes. A chain  was connected to the centre of each yoke and that was the only harness required. Reins and traces were unnecessary. Steering was a combination of whip and voice commands directed at the leaders although some were prodded Spanish-style with a long stick called a goad.

The leaders were the most intelligent animals and the teamster who lost his leaders was in trouble. The wheelers were the animals closest to the wagon and they helped to slow it on hills by lifting their heads and holding the yokes against the base of the horns. Ox drivers worked on foot, walking beside their teams. Though shoeing was normally not needed, sore-footed bullocks sometimes had old horse shoes cut in halves and nailed on to keep them from going lame.

Mules were also popular harness animals. They were strong, had few illnesses, did not require as much feed as horses, were good walkers and could move at faster paces if required. They were, however, fussy about their drinking water and did not like mud. In unskilled hands, they could be troublesome, but when treated properly, gave good service. Usual harness was a bridle and a collar. Metal pieces called hames were fitted to the collar and leather traces ran from the hames back to wooden spreaders that connected them to the pair behind or directly to the wagon. Wheel mules often had leather breeching around their rumps and they would sit back in this to help slow the wagon..

Horses were fast movers and less temperamental than mules. They were often heavier so could put more weight into their efforts. Wagons drawn by horses could make walk at about three miles per hour or trot at eight miles per hour, depending upon the load and the state of the trail. But the really heavy draughts worked best at a walking pace. The body structure of the heavy draught differs from that of the lighter breeds and does not lend itself to faster paces.

Coach horses were more like heavy riding types rather than light draughts. Coaches moved at approximately 8-10 miles per hour, but to maintain this rate a fair amount of trotting, cantering and sometimes galloping was involved. With stagecoaches, teams were changed about every 15 miles. But not every coach was a stagecoach. Some might only ply for short trips between towns, delivering passengers and mail. These might take most of the day to complete the journey, stop overnight and return on the following day.

A driver seated on a coach controlled the team by the reins using the "in-hand" style. But many drivers of wagons used the "jerkline" method of control. The driver rode the wheel animal on the near [left] side. A long line was connected to the bridle of the near-side leader whose harness was linked to the other leader on the off-side. This was much handier than handling reins for each pair in the team.

Until about 1890, the US Army used jerklines on its four- and six-horse teams of both horses and mules. After that period, drivers drove from the box with the reins in hand.

The wagons

Here are a few details of the more common wheeled vehicles used in the West.

The Conestoga was a large wagon capable of carrying five tons.The canvas covers protuded beyond the wagon body at front and back to protect the load from the weather. The floor sloped from both ends to the middle of the body to prevent the load slipping while negotiating hills. Fully loaded, these wagons needed a team of eight heavy draughts although mules and oxen could also be used. Some considered that Conestogas were more suited to work in the eastern states but many found their way west with ox teams replacing the heavy draught horses.

Freight wagons could be anywhere between 16 and 18 feet long, and 4 feet 6 inches wide. Loads from five  tons to seven tons were not unusual. Mules and oxen pulled most of these.

The prairie schooner was popular with people moving west. It was usually 12 feet long and between four and five feet wide. It could carry about three tons and was easy to repair or dismantle. Frederic Remington did a fine painting of an Indian attack on a wagon train. In the foreground is a prairie schooner with the teamster trying to defend himself with an ox goad.

The Concord coach was a favourite means of transporting passengers in areas where there were no trains. Concords were considered the best coaches of the period. They could carry 21 passengers with nine inside, two or three on the driver's seat and the rest on the roof. Movie depictions rarely show passengers riding on the roof but this precarious mode of travel was common. The body of the coach was suspended on massive, layered leather thoroughbraces at least six inches thick as these were considered to give a softer ride than steel springs and were less likely to break.

Teams could be horses or mules, sometimes four or six animals depending upon the terrain. Concords were also exported to other countries, including Australia where their teams were five horses for flat country and six for mountain work. The painting of a hold-up, done by Charles M. Russell, shows a Concord coach in the background but there were several patterns made and the one depicted seems to be a very basic type.

Not all coaches were of the Concord style and the mud wagon was another common means of transport. This was basically a light wagon with seats in a row like a bus's and a canvas canopy to keep out the weather. Teams varied from two to six animals, depending on the load to be carried.

The buckboard was a favourite with westerners. It had four wheels, a flat tray and one seat in front. These conveyances were light and rolled easily. One horse could usually do the job, but if extra speed was required a pair, or occasionally four ponies might he hooked up. They were ideal for people in a hurry and a good team could do a 40-mile journey in around two hours on a reasonably flat road.

Very occasionally cattle were fitted with horse harness and used to pull buggies. In such cases the horse collars were turned upside down to make allowance for the differently shaped necks..

Many other types of horse-drawn carriages were used but those mentioned above are mostly the types that find their way into western stories and should suit the needs of writers as well as they suited their role in opening the West.

NEW BLACK HORSE WESTERN NOVELS

Published by Robert Hale Ltd, London
                                                                                             978

The Devil's Rider	Lance Howard	0 7090 8560 7
Sacred Hills Massacre	J. D. Ryder	0 7090 8635 2
Blood on the Sky	Elliot Long	0 7090 8636 9
Silveroo	Joseph John McGraw	0 7090 8637 6
The Killer's Brand	Terrell L. Bowers	0 7090 8638 3
Kid Dynamite	Michael D. George	0 7090 8639 0
Track Down the Devil	Greg Mitchell	0 7090 8640 6
Drummond Takes a Hand	Alan Irwin	0 7090 8641 3
Rangeland Ruckus	Randall Sawka	0 7090 8646 5
Showdown at Painted Rock	Walt Masterson	0 7090 8599 7
Gun for Revenge	Steve Hayes	0 7090 8642 0
The Chicanery of Paco Ibanez	Jack Sheriff	0 7090 8651 2
Misfit Lil Cleans Up	Chap O'Keefe	0 7090 8584 3
Saddletramps	Owen G. Irons	0 7090 8614 7
The Land Grabbers	Logan Winters	0 7090 8648 2
The Buffalo Gun	Ken Brompton	0 7090 8652 9
Hot Lead, Cold Heart	Matthew P. Mayo	0 7090 8667 3
Trail to Fort Laramie	Jack Edwardes	0 7090 8664 2